3/21/2023 0 Comments Ockham razorsThus, the purpose of this review is to advance the science of CLA and to identify areas of research in which these nutrients affect bone metabolism and skeletal health. Here, we briefly review the current biological effects of CLA and attempt to integrate their potential effect on the physiology and health of the skeletal system. Years ago, in an interview, a candidate was asked to describe the architecture of the system he had worked on. The errors are categorized as Type1 or Type2 below. Recognizing where related actions of CLA converge in specific disease conditions and physiologic states is how research efforts should be directed to minimize the pursuit of superfluous theories. The mainstream view of software developments has practices that are errors when viewed from the lens of Occam’s razor. As such, the principal and consistently reported benefits of CLA have been in improving cancer outcomes, reducing body fat in growing animals, and modulating cell functions. The disappointing results in humans should be taken as an opportunity to critically evaluate all findings of CLA use and to consolidate the common actions of this nutrient so that future investigations focus on specific isomers and the most reasonable mechanisms. The benefits to human subjects given supplements of CLA were at best modest. However, the demonstration that these isomers of octadecadienoic acid protect against cancers in rodents stimulated curiosity that directed significant resources to characterize the biological functions of these fatty acids in cell and animal models. The general truth is that conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are nutrients. As such, any assumptions you add to your theory introduce further possibilities for error, and if an assumption isn’t improving the accuracy of a theory, it just increases the probability the theory is wrong.The philosopher William of Ockham is recognized for the maxim that an assumption introduced to explain a phenomenon must not be multiplied beyond necessity, or that the simplest explanation is probably the correct explanation. All things can be ascribed a probability of happening. You can think of it in terms of basic probability theory. As medical students are sometimes told, “When you hear hoof beats, think horses, not zebras.” Or as the US Navy KISS design principle states,“Keep it simple, stupid.” Or if you are a doctor and a patient turns up complaining of a blocked nose, it is more likely they have a common cold than a rare immune-system disorder. It underlies all scientific modelling and theory building. This principle is often called the principle of parsimony. The principle states that one should not make more assumptions than the minimum needed. If two computer programs do the same job, for example, the shorter one, in which less code can go wrong, is probably preferable. Occams razor is a logical principle attributed to the mediaeval philosopher William of Occam (or Ockham). The principle can be applied in many fields of science and logic. Many other people before and after the friar, including Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton, have come up with similar rules, but it is generally attributed (via an alternative spelling of the name of the village in which he grew up) to Ockham because he used the principle with such razor-like logic to state, along with other things, that “God’s existence cannot be deduced by reason alone.” ![]() Occam’s razor is a principle often attributed to 14 th century friar William of Ockham that says that if you have two competing ideas to explain the same phenomenon, you should prefer the simpler one.
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